This is an outdated version published on 2026-02-18. Read the most recent version.

Relationship between flow and depression in Dominican musicians

Authors

  • Joan Antonio Noboa Lanfranco Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47666/summa.8.1.2

Keywords:

Depression, music, creativity, optimal experience, flow, mindfulness

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the relationship between optimal experience (flow) and depression in musicians from the Distrito Nacional. The study uses a non-experimental, cross-sectional design with a quantitative, correlational-causal approach. The sample consisted of 34 musicians from the National District. The instruments applied were the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) and the Flow Scale (García-Calvo et al., 2008, validated by Fernández, 2011). The results indicate that the level of optimal experience among musicians from the Distrito Nacional is high on both the overall scale and in the dimensions of interest, pleasure, and absorption. The majority of participants did not present depressive symptoms. No statistically significant correlation was found between optimal experience and depression. However, the characteristics of the population indicate that clinical relationships exist.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Almonacid-Canseco, G., Gil-Beltrán, I., López-Jorge, I., Bolancé-Ruiz, I., y Canseco, G. A. (2013). Trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en músicos profesionales: revisión bibliográfica. Med Segur Trab (Internet), 59(230), 124–145.

Amado Alonso, D., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Leo, F. M., Sánchez-Oliva, D. y García-Calvo, T. (2011). Estudio de las relaciones entre la teoría de la autodeterminación, el flow disposicional y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés en función de la modalidad de danza practicada. European Journal of Human Movement, 27, 43–58.

Asakawa, K. (2010). Flow experience, culture, and well-being: How do autotelic Japanese college students feel, behave, and think in their daily lives? Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9132-3

Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría (2018). Manual Diagnóstico de los Trastosnos Mentales. In Guía de consulta de los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5. https://www.federaciocatalanatdah.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dsm5-manualdiagnsticoyestadisticodelostrastornosmentales-161006005112.pdf

Barrera Valencia, M. (2008). Diferencias estadísticamente significativas vs relevancia clínica. Revista CES Medicina, 89–96. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2611/261121009010.pdf

Beck, A., Rush, J., Shaw, B. y Emery, G. (2010). Terapia cognitiva de la depresión (19th ed., Vol. 17). Editorial Desclée De Brower.

Betancor Almeida, I. (2011). Hábitos de actividad física en músicos de orquestas sinfónicas profesionales: un análisis empírico de ámbito internacional. 288. https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/handle/10553/6293

Campbell, M. H., Roberti, J. W., Maynard, D.-M. y Emmanuel, M. K. (2009). Factorial structure of depressive symptoms in Anglophone Caribbean university students: psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory-II. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 577–585. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-96902009000300018&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Chirico, A., Serino, S., Cipresso, P., Gaggioli, A. y Riva, G. (2015). When music “flows”. State and trait in musical performance, composition and listening: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00906

Cohen, S. y Bodner, E. (2018). The relationship between flow and music performance anxiety amongst professional classical orchestral musicians. Psychology of Music, 47(3), 420–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618754689

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Fluir: una psicología de la felicidad. Editorial Kairós.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2008). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (1st ed.). Harper Perennial Modern Classics.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Toward a Psychology of Optimal Experience in :Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. In Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.

Custodero, L. A. (2002). Seeking challenge, finding skill: Flow experience and music education. Arts Education Policy Review, 103(3), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632910209600288

De Manzano, Ö., Theorell, T., Harmat, L. y Ullén, F. (2010). The Psychophysiology of Flow During Piano Playing. Emotion, 10(3), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018432

Díaz Morales, J. F., Nieto-Márquez Darder, M. y Sánchez Beleña, F. (2013). Dedicación a la músic: estado de ánimo y satisfacción vital. Edupsykhé. Revista de Psicología y Educación, 12(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/10.57087/edupsykhe.v12i1.3874

Fernández Marín, P. (2011). Concepto y evalución del flujo psicológico y relaciones con otras variables afines. Universidad Camilo José Cela.

Fernández Marín, P. y Morales Hevia, M. del M. (2017). ¡Fluye! Vive la felicidad en el presente (1st ed.). Editorial Edaf, S.L.

Fullagar, C. J., Knight, P. A. y Sovern, H. S. (2013). Challenge/skill balance, flow, and performance anxiety. Applied Psychology, 62(2), 236–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00494.x

Gaggioli, A., Milani, L., Mazzoni, E. y Riva, G. (2011). Networked Flow: A Framework for Understanding the Dynamics of Creative Collaboration in Educational and Training Settings. The Open Education Journal, 4(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874920801104010041

Gross, S. A. y Musgrave, G. (2017). Can music make you sick? A study into the incidence of musicians’ mental health. Part 2: Qualitative study and recommendations. In MusicTank (Issue August). MusicTank Publishing, University Of Westminster. http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/20388/1/Gross %26 Musgrave %282017%29 Can Muic Make You Sick Pt2.pdf

Guptill, C. (2011). La experiencia vivida de músicos profesionales con lesiones relacionadas con la interpretación: una investigación fenomenológica. The Lived Experience of Professional Musicians with Playing-Related Injuries: A Phenomenological Inquiry, 26(2), 84–95.

Iraurgi, I. (2009). Evaluación de resultados clínicos I: Entre la significación estadística y la relevancia clínica. Norte de Salud Mental, 8(33), 11. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4830140%5Cnhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4830140.pdf

Jackson, S. y Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). Fluir en el deporte. Claves para las experiencias y actuaciones óptimas. Editorial Paidotribo.

Lamont, A. (2012). Emotion, engagement and meaning in strong experiences of music performance. Psychology of Music, 40(5), 574–594. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735612448510

Loepthien, T. y Leipold, B. (2022). Flow in music performance and music-listening: Differences in intensity, predictors, and the relationship between flow and subjective well-being. Psychology of Music, 50(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735620982056

Manso, J. (2002). El legado de Frederick Irving Herzberg. Revista Universidad EAFIT, 128, 79–86. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx

Marin, M. M. y Bhattacharya, J. (2009). Music Induced Emotions: Some Current Issues and Cross-Modal Comparisons. In J. Hermida y M. Ferrero (Eds.), Music Education (pp. 1–38). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Moneta, G. B. (2012). Opportunity for creativity in the job as a moderator of the relation between trait intrinsic motivation and flow in work. Motivation and Emotion, 36(4), 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-012-9278-5

Moreno Murcia, J. A., Conte Marín, L., Borges Silva, F. y González-Cutre, D. G. (2008). Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación intrínseca y propensión a la experiencia autotélica en el ejercicio fĺsico. Revista Mexicana de Psicologia, 25(2), 305–312.

O’Neill, S. (1999). Flow theory and the development of musical performance skills. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 141, 129–134.

Ortega, M. A. R. y Suck, E. A. T. (2016). Regulación emocional en la práctica clínica. Una guía para terapeutas. Editorial El Manual Moderno S.A. de C.V.

Ortega Orozco, A. y Orozco Calderón, G. (2020). Memoria de trabajo en músicos profesionales con inicio temprano y tardío en la práctica musical. Ciencia & Futuro, ISSN-e 2306-823X, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2020 (Ejemplar Dedicado a: Diciembre-Febrero), Págs. 73-88, 10(4), 73–88. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=10329956&info=resumen&idioma=ENG

Partington, S., Partington, E. y Olivier, S. (2009). The Dark Side of flow: A qualitative study of dependence in big wave surfing. The Sport Psychologist, 23(2), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.23.2.170

Pashler, H., Johnston, J. C. y Ruthruff, E. (2001). Attention and performance. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 629–651. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.PSYCH.52.1.629/CITE/REFWORKS

Pérez Álvarez, M. (2007). La activación conductual y la desmedicalización de la depresión. Papeles Del Psicólogo, 28(2), 97–110.

Pfutzenreuter, A. C. (2013). Tocar / Jogar Rocksmith : As Experiências de Flow de Jovens Guitarristas que Jogam Games de Música. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Soul.

Record Union (2019). The 73 Percent Report. In Record Union. https://www.the73percent.com/Record_Union-The_73_Percent_Report.pdf

Ruiz, A., Díaz, I. y Villalobos, A. (2012). Manual de Técnicas de Intervención Cognitivo Conductuales. In Manual de Técnicas de Intervención Cognitivo Conductuales. Desclée De Brpuwer, S.A.

Sanz, J., Gutiérrez, S., Gesteira, C. y Paz García-Vera, M. (2014). Criterios y Baremos para interpretar el "Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II. Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual, 22, 37–59.

Sartika, D. y Ikramina Husna, S. (2014). Finding Flow Experience in Music Activity. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(2), 155–158. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2014.v4.338

Smolej-Fritz, B. y Avsec, A. (2007). The experience of flow and subjective well-being of music students. Psiholoska Obzorja, 16(2), 5–17.

Sweeny, K., Rankin, K., Cheng, X., Hou, L., Long, F., Meng, Y., Azer, L., Zhou, R. y Zhang, W. (2020). Flow in the time of COVID-19: Findings from China. PLoS ONE, 15(11 November), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242043

Vaag, J., Håkon Bjørngaard, J. y Bjerkeset, O. (2016). Symptoms of anxiety and depression among Norwegian musicians compared to the general workforce. Psychology of Music, 44(2), 234–248. https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735614564910

Valencia Rueda, L. F. y Samper Arbeláez, A. (2021). Una paradoja, unas huellas y una luz: los dolores y los miedos de los músicos como ecos silenciosos de los paradigmas de la tradición musical occidental | Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas. Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas, 16(1), 336–355. https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/cma/article/view/30503/25058

Viceministerio de Salud Colectiva. (2025). Depresión: Un desafío de Salud Pública con Impacto Global.

Villacorta, J. y Palma, C. (2023). Impacto de la Salud Mental en el Sistema de Salud Dominicano. https://www.iqvia.com/-/media/iqvia/pdfs/mexico/whitepaper/whitepaper-impacto-de-la-salud-mental-en-el-sistema-de-salud-dominicano-iqviacenca.pdf

Wrigley, W. J. y Emmerson, S. B. (2011). The experience of the flow state in live music performance. Psychology of Music, 41(3), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735611425903

Zalpour, C., Ballenberger, N. y Avermann, F. (2021). A Physiotherapeutic Approach to Musicians’ Health – Data From 614 Patients From a Physiotherapy Clinic for Musicians (INAP/O). Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 568684. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.568684

Published

2026-02-18

Versions

How to Cite

Noboa Lanfranco, J. A. (2026). Relationship between flow and depression in Dominican musicians. SUMMA, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47666/summa.8.1.2

Issue

Section

Sección: Humanidades

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.